First: The sebum film becomes thinner.
From around the age of 40, the skin produces significantly less sebum. At first, that sounds good — less shine, less oily skin. But sebum is also what stabilizes pigments on the skin. Without enough sebum, iron oxide pigments — the color carriers in almost every foundation — move unpredictably. They react more strongly with everything the skin produces.
Second: The skin’s pH level shifts.
Younger skin has a slightly acidic pH of around 4.5 to 5. Over time, it increases. This difference changes the chemical reactivity of pigments on the skin.
Third — and this is the key point: Oxidation.
Iron oxides are chemically reactive. They react with sebum, pH levels, and body heat. The result is a color shift called oxidation: after a few hours, the foundation becomes darker, more orange, more unnatural. In addition, it begins to settle more visibly into fine lines.
This is not a bad batch. This is chemistry.
And it happens more strongly on mature skin than on younger skin, because the changed skin chemistry accelerates this reaction.
Marion listened. Then she said quietly: “That explains everything.”